{"id":1982,"date":"2025-10-28T14:19:30","date_gmt":"2025-10-28T14:19:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thptphamthaibuong.edu.vn\/?p=1982"},"modified":"2025-10-28T14:19:30","modified_gmt":"2025-10-28T14:19:30","slug":"bai-tap-tn-dung-sai-chu-de-3-cac-nen-van-minh-the-gioi-thoi-co-trung-dai-mon-lich-su-k10-nh-2025-2026","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thptphamthaibuong.edu.vn\/?p=1982","title":{"rendered":"B\u00c0I T\u1eacP TN \u0110\u00daNG SAI CH\u1ee6 \u0110\u1ec0 3 C\u00c1C N\u1ec0N V\u0102N MINH TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI TH\u1edcI C\u1ed4 TRUNG \u0110\u1ea0I – M\u00d4N L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec K10 NH 2025-2026"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e2u 1.<\/strong> \u0110\u1ecdc \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi Ai C\u1eadp c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y pa \u2013 pi \u2013 r\u00fat, ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean c\u00e1c phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t \u01b0\u1edbt r\u1ed3i \u0111em nung ho\u1eb7c ph\u01a1i kh\u00f4. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea1i kh\u1eafc ch\u1eef tr\u00ean c\u00e1c mai r\u00f9a, x\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00fa ho\u1eb7c th\u1ebb tre. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi Th\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi. Lo\u1ea1i ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean mai r\u00f9a v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00fa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1899 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u0103n t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1p c\u1ed1t\u2026.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n 100 000 m\u1ea3nh mai r\u00f9a v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00fa c\u00f3 kh\u1eafc ch\u1eef gi\u00e1p c\u1ed1t. T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ch\u1eef gi\u00e1p c\u1ed1t \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kho\u1ea3ng 4500 ch\u1eef, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1700 ch\u1eef. Ch\u1eef gi\u00e1p c\u1ed1t \u0111\u00e3 gh\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u00e0i, c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00ean t\u1edbi 100 ch\u1eef.<\/em>\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

(Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb C\u00f4i, Tr\u1ecbnh \u0110\u00ecnh T\u00f9ng, Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ea1nh H\u01b0\u1edfng, H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00eanh h\u00ecnh trong s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa L\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u1edbp 10 Trung h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng<\/em>, NXB Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, 2009, tr. 17)<\/span><\/p>\n

a) Ch\u1eef gi\u00e1p c\u1ed1t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

b) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ai C\u1eadp, ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec1u s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

c) Ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ai C\u1eadp, L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea5y kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n

d) Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1eef gi\u00e1p c\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef gi\u00e1p c\u1ed1t.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e2u 2. <\/strong>\u0110\u1ecdc \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cTh\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n trung t\u00e2m v\u0103n minh l\u1edbn l\u00e0 Ai C\u1eadp, L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Trung Hoa. Do \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, c\u01b0 d\u00e2n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh \u1edf l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi trung \u0111\u1ea1i. V\u0103n minh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i ra \u0111\u1eddi mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Hi L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf La M\u00e3. N\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Hi L\u1ea1p \u2013 La M\u00e3 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u to l\u1edbn, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf th\u1eddi Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng, t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho v\u0103n minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u sau n\u00e0y.<\/em>\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

(S\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa L\u1ecbch s\u1eed 10<\/em>, b\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, tr. 17)<\/span><\/p>\n

a) Th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh, bao g\u1ed3m Ai C\u1eadp, L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Trung Hoa.<\/span><\/p>\n

b) Trung Hoa l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh duy nh\u1ea5t \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi trung \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

c) \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u00ean l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn.<\/span><\/p>\n

d) V\u0103n minh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y ra \u0111\u1eddi mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n v\u0103n minh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a v\u0103n minh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e2u 3. <\/strong>Cho b\u1ea3ng d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u2013 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a v\u0103n minh \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Hoa th\u1eddi k\u00ec c\u1ed5 – trung \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
 <\/td>\nV\u0103n minh \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nV\u0103n minh Trung Hoa<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft<\/span><\/td>\n– Ch\u1eef Bra \u2013 mi, ch\u1eef San \u2013 kr\u00edt (Ph\u1ea1n)<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 Th\u00e1i Lan, L\u00e0o, Cam \u2013 pu – chia<\/span><\/td>\n

– Ch\u1eef Gi\u00e1p c\u1ed1t, Ti\u1ec3u tri\u1ec7n, \u0110\u1ea1i tri\u1ec7n, L\u1ec7 th\u01b0, Kh\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e2n c\u1eadn nh\u01b0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u2026<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/td>\nL\u00e0 n\u01a1i ra \u0111\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Hin \u2013 \u0111u gi\u00e1o, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/td>\nNho gi\u00e1o, \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o, M\u1eb7c gia, Ph\u00e1p gia, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u2026<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

a) \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Hoa v\u1eeba l\u00e0 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 n\u01a1i du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/span><\/p>\n

b) Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi v\u0103n minh Trung Hoa, v\u0103n minh \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh mang \u0111\u1eadm t\u00ednh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u00e9p k\u00edn.<\/span><\/p>\n

c) Ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Hoa \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u01b0 d\u00e2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00e2u \u00c1.<\/span><\/p>\n

d) T\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t, c\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Hoa \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e2u 4. <\/strong>\u0110\u1ecdc \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cTrong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n ch\u00f9a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 B\u00e0 \u2013 la \u2013 m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, Giai \u2013 na gi\u00e1o, ch\u00f9a hang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 – trung \u0111\u1ea1i, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u1edbi \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc, h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda. Ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gian ch\u00f9a hang \u1edf A \u2013 gian \u2013 ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 II TCN \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 VIII. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kho\u00e9t s\u00e2u v\u00e0o v\u00e1ch n\u00fai \u0111\u00e1, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed9t ch\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ee9c ch\u1ea1m tinh vi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tranh b\u00edch h\u1ecda r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

(Theo V\u0169 D\u01b0\u01a1ng Ninh (Ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean), L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n minh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/em>, NXB Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1991, tr.81)<\/span><\/p>\n

a) \u0110o\u1ea1n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a v\u0103n minh \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc.<\/span><\/p>\n

b) B\u00e0 \u2013 la \u2013 m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, Giai \u2013 na gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c du nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.<\/span><\/p>\n

b) Ch\u00f9a hang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/span><\/p>\n

c) M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u00e0m n\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ch\u00f9a hang l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u00e0i h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa gi\u1eefa ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u1edbi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e2u 5. <\/strong>\u0110\u1ecdc \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cKheops l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p, l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t Ai C\u1eadp. Qua th\u1eddi gian, n\u00f3 t\u1eebng b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n. Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb h\u01a1n 2,3 tri\u1ec7u kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1, m\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i n\u1eb7ng t\u1eeb 2 t\u1edbi 30 t\u1ea5n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n 50 t\u1ea5n\u2026. Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p l\u00e0 l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a pharaoh, \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ai C\u1eadp c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p Ai C\u1eadp ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh chinh ph\u1ee5c thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u0103n minh. C\u00e1c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u1ec1 kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i m\u1edf nh\u1eefng tri th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 kh\u01a1i g\u1ee3i ni\u1ec1m c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (\u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh, th\u1eddi trang, h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, \u2026)<\/em>\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

(S\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean L\u1ecbch s\u1eed 10<\/em>, b\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, tr.53)<\/span><\/p>\n

a) Kheops l\u00e0 kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ai C\u1eadp, c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/span><\/p>\n

b) Nh\u1eefng tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u00fap c\u01b0 d\u00e2n Ai C\u1eadp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p Kheops.<\/span><\/p>\n

c) \u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p Kheops so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p kh\u00e1c \u1edf Ai C\u1eadp th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf ch\u1ed7, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua.<\/span><\/p>\n

d) Hi\u1ec7n nay, kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p v\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e2u 6: <\/strong>\u0110\u1ecdc \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cV\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 VIII, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea2 R\u1eadp nh\u1edd d\u1ecbch t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m S\u00edt \u2013 han \u2013 ta m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. T\u1eeb \u1ea2 R\u1eadp, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n sang ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, do \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb g\u1ecdi nh\u1ea7m l\u00e0 ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 \u1ea2 R\u1eadp. T\u01b0 li\u1ec7u s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c bia \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee7a A \u2013 s\u00f4 \u2013 ca kh\u1eafc t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 III TCN. Tuy nhi\u00ean, con s\u1ed1 0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t trong m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u1ea2 r\u1eadp n\u0103m 873, sau \u0111\u00f3 3 n\u0103m m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn cho r\u1eb1ng, s\u1ed1 0 c\u0169ng do ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o.<\/em>\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (Theo V\u0169 D\u01b0\u01a1ng Ninh (Ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean), L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n minh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/em>, NXB Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1991, tr.81)<\/span><\/p>\n

a) Vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a v\u0103n minh \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 tr\u00ean l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\n

b) H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 VIII.<\/span><\/p>\n

c) D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, hi\u1ec7n nay, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1u cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 0 l\u00e0 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea2 R\u1eadp s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n

d) Ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lan truy\u1ec1n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i sang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e2u 7: <\/strong>\u0110\u1ecdc \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cL\u0103ng Ta \u2013 gi\u01a1 Ma \u2013 han \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVII \u1edf A \u2013 gra v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed nh\u01b0 \u201cvi\u00ean tr\u00e2n ch\u00e2u c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9\u201d. Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Sa \u2013 gia \u2013 han c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u M\u00f4 \u2013 g\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u0103ng Ta \u2013 gi\u01a1 Ma \u2013 han cho v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Mum \u2013 ta \u2013 Ma \u2013 han sau khi b\u00e0 qua \u0111\u1eddi. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u0103ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong 22 n\u0103m (t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1631 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1653). L\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac M\u00f4 \u2013 g\u00f4n \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Ba T\u01b0, Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u00ec, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o. L\u0103ng Ta \u2013 gi\u01a1 Ma \u2013 han \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO ghi danh l\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u0103m 1983.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (S\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean L\u1ecbch s\u1eed 10<\/em>, b\u1ed9 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tri th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, tr.61)<\/span><\/p>\n

a) L\u0103ng Ta \u2013 gi\u01a1 Ma \u2013 han l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a v\u0103n minh \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 tr\u00ean l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc.<\/span><\/p>\n

b) L\u0103ng Ta \u2013 gi\u01a1 Ma \u2013 han \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi k\u00ec v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u M\u00f4n \u2013 g\u00f4n v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 cho nh\u00e0 vua Sa \u2013 gia \u2013 han sau khi \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n

c) Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 Ta \u2013 gi\u01a1 Ma \u2013 han l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u phong c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf c\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y.<\/span><\/p>\n

d) Sau h\u01a1n 300 n\u0103m t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, l\u0103ng Ta \u2013 gi\u01a1 Ma \u2013 han \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi danh l\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e2u 8: <\/strong>\u0110\u1ecdc \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cS\u1eed thi Ra \u2013 ma \u2013 y \u2013 a \u2013 na c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n Ra \u2013 ma \u2013 y \u2013 a \u2013 na \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba h\u00f3a: truy\u1ec7n Ra \u2013 ma \u2013 ki\u00ean c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i Lan; truy\u1ec7n Ra \u2013 ma \u2013 y \u2013 a \u2013 na c\u1ee7a In \u2013 \u0111\u00f4 \u2013 n\u00ea \u2013 xi \u2013 a; k\u1ecbch Ra \u2013 ma c\u1ee7a Mi \u2013 an \u2013 ma; tr\u01b0\u1eddng ca Ri\u00eam K\u00ea c\u1ee7a Cam \u2013 pu \u2013 chia; tr\u01b0\u1eddng ca Ph\u1ea1 – l\u1eafc Ph\u1ea1 – lam v\u00e0 X\u1ec9n \u2013 xay c\u1ee7a L\u00e0o; truy\u1ec7n Ra \u2013 ma \u2013 y \u2013 a \u2013 na, D\u1ea1 Thoa V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/em>\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (S\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa L\u1ecbch s\u1eed 10<\/em>, b\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, tr. 34)<\/span><\/p>\n

a) \u0110o\u1ea1n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 theo nhi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n

b) S\u1eed thi Ra \u2013 ma \u2013 y \u2013 a \u2013 na l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a v\u0103n minh Ai C\u1eadp th\u1eddi k\u00ec c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

c) S\u1eed thi Ra \u2013 ma \u2013 y \u2013 a \u2013 na c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u1ecdc d\u00e2n gian c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1<\/span><\/p>\n

d) Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ca Ph\u1ea1 – l\u1eafc Ph\u1ea1 – lam ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n s\u1eed thi Ra \u2013 ma \u2013 y \u2013 a \u2013 na t\u1eeb ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n sang ch\u1eef L\u00e0o c\u1ed5.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e2u 9: <\/strong>Cho b\u1ea3ng d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 – trung \u0111\u1ea1i:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
N\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nTh\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ai C\u1eadp<\/span><\/td>\nCh\u1eef t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh; To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc); ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc; k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u01b0\u1edbp x\u00e1c, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1edd \u0111a th\u1ea7n<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Trung Hoa<\/span><\/td>\nCh\u1eef t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean mai r\u00f9a, x\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00fa; v\u0103n h\u1ecdc (th\u01a1 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft th\u1eddi Minh \u2013 Thanh); to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ebfm th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n); ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc (Di h\u00f2a vi\u00ean, Th\u1eadp tam l\u0103ng\u2026); k\u0129 thu\u1eadt (in, gi\u1ea5y, thu\u1ed1c s\u00fang\u2026); t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o (Nho gi\u00e1o, \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o\u2026)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span><\/td>\nV\u0103n h\u1ecdc (kinh V\u00ea\u00a0 – \u0111a, s\u1eed thi Ma \u2013 ha \u2013 bha \u2013 ra \u2013 ta; Ra \u2013 ma \u2013 y \u2013 a \u2013 na); to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean); t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o (B\u00e0 \u2013 la \u2013 m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, Hin \u2013 \u0111u gi\u00e1o\u2026)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

a) C\u01b0 d\u00e2n Ai C\u1eadp c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean mai r\u00f9a ho\u1eb7c x\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00fa.<\/span><\/p>\n

b) \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/span><\/p>\n

c) C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u01b0 d\u00e2n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n

d) Trong th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u1ea3 ba n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh (Ai C\u1eadp, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Trung Hoa) \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00e2u 1. \u0110\u1ecdc \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u sau \u0111\u00e2y: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi Ai C\u1eadp c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y pa \u2013 pi \u2013 r\u00fat, ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0 […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":1977,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"cybocfi_hide_featured_image":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[15,19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1982","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tai-lieu","category-to-su-gdktpl"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thptphamthaibuong.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1982","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thptphamthaibuong.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thptphamthaibuong.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thptphamthaibuong.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/19"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thptphamthaibuong.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1982"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/thptphamthaibuong.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1982\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1983,"href":"https:\/\/thptphamthaibuong.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1982\/revisions\/1983"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thptphamthaibuong.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1977"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thptphamthaibuong.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1982"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thptphamthaibuong.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1982"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thptphamthaibuong.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1982"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}